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r Product¨s 86´DOS which had been written by Tim Paterson earlier that year ��86´DOS was also know as Q´DOS�� Quick &�察�Dirty Operating System�� it was a more´or´less 16bit version of CP/M��。 The rights were actually bought in July 1981。 It is reputed that IBM found over 300 bugs in the code when they subjected the operating system and re´wrote much of the code。
Tim Paterson¨s DOS 1。0 was 4000 lines of assembler。
1981 ´ August 12 MS´DOS 1。0。�� PC´DOS 1。0。
Microsoft ��known mainly for their programming languages�� were missioned by IBM to write the operating system�� they bought a program called 86´DOS from Tim Paterson which was loosely based on CP/M 80。 The final program from Microsoft was marketed by IBM as PC´DOS and by Microsoft as MS´DOS�� collaboration on subsequent versions continued until version 5。0 in 1991。
pared to modern versions of DOS version 1 was very basic�� the most notable difference was the presence of just 1 directory�� the root directory�� on each disk。 Subdirectories were not supported until version 2。0 ��March�� 1983��。
MS´DOS ��and PC´DOS�� was the main operating system for all IBM´PC patible puters until 1995 when Windows ¨95 began to take over the market�� and Microsoft turned its back on MS´DOS ��leaving MS´DOS 6。22 from 1993 as the last version written ´ although the DOS Shell in Windows ¨95 calls itself MS´DOS version 7。0�� and has some improved features like long filename support��。 According to Microsoft�� in 1994�� MS´DOS was running on some 100 million puters world´wide。
1982 ´ March MS´DOS 1。25�� PC´DOS 1。1
1983 ´ March MS´DOS 2。0�� PC´DOS 2。0
Introduced with the IBM XT this version included a UNIX style hierarchical sub´directory structure�� and altered the way in which programs could load and access files on the disk。
1983 ´ May MS´DOS 2。01
1983 ´ October PC´DOS 2。1 ��for PC Jr��。 Like the PC Jr this was not a great success and quickly disappeared from the market。
1983 ´ October MS´DOS 2。11
1984 ´ August MS´DOS 3。0�� PC´DOS 3。0
Released for the IBM AT�� it supported larger hard disks as well as High Density ��1。2 MB�� 5&��frac14�察� floppy disks。
1985 ´ March MS´DOS 3。1�� PC´DOS 3。1
This was the first version of DOS to provide work support�� and provides some new functions to handle working。
1985 ´ October Version 2。25 included support for foreign character sets�� and was marketed in the Far East。
1985 ´ November Microsoft Windows Launched。 Not really widely used until version 3�� released in 1990�� Windows required DOS to run and so was not a plete operating system ��until Windows ¨95�� released on August 21�� 1995��。 It merely provided a G。U。I。 similar to that of the Macintosh。�� in fact so similar that Apple tried to sue Microsoft for copying the ¨look and feel¨ of their operating system。 This court case was not dropped until August 1997。
1985 ´ December MS´DOS 3。2�� PC´DOS 3。2
This version was the first to support 3&��frac12�察� disks�� although only the 720KB ones。 Version 3。2 remained the standard version until 1987 when version 3。3 was released with the IBM PS/2。
1987 Microsoft Windows 2 released。 It was more popular than the original version but it was nothing special mind you�� Windows 3 ��see 1990�� was the first really useful version。
1987 ´ April MS´DOS 3。3�� PC´DOS 3。3
Released with the IBM PS/2 this version included support for the High Density ��1。44MB�� 3&��frac12�察� disks。 It also supported hard disk partitions�� splitting a hard disk into 2 or more logical drives。
1987 ´ April OS/2 Launched by Microsoft and IBM。 A later enhancement�� OS/2 Warp provided many of the 32´bit enhancements boasted by Windows ¨95 ´ but several years earlier�� yet the product failed to dominate the market in the way Windows ¨95 did 8 year later。
1987 ´ October/November paq DOS ��CPQ´DOS�� v3。31 released to cope with disk partitions >��32MB。 Used by some other OEMs�� but not distributed by Microsoft。
1988 ´ July/August�拭�PC´DOS 4。0�� MS´DOS 4。0
Version 3。4 ´ 4。x are confusing due to lack of correlation between IBM &�察�Microsoft and also the USA &�察�Europe。 Several ¨Internal Use only¨ versions were also produced。
This version reflected increases in hardware capabilities�� it supported hard drives greater than 32 MB ��up to 2 GB�� and also EMS memory。
This version was not properly tested and was bug ridden�� causing system crashes and loss of data。 The original release was IBM¨s�� but Microsoft¨s version 4。0 ��in October�� was no better and version 4。01 was released ��in November�� to correct this�� then version 4。01a ��in April 1989�� as a further improvement。 However many people could not trust this and reverted to version 3。3 while they waited for the plete re´write ��version 5 ´ 3 years later��。 Beta¨s of Microsoft¨s version 4。0 were apparently shipped as early as ¨86 &�察 �87。
1988 ´ November MS´DOS 4。01�� PC´DOS 4。01
This corrected many of the bugs seen in version 4。0�� but many users simply switched back to version 3。3 and waited for a properly re´written and fully tested version ´ which did not e until version 5 in June 1991。 Support for disk partitions >��32Mb。
1990 ´ May 22 Introduction of Windows 3。0 by Bill Gates &�察�Microsoft。 It is true multitasking ��or pretends to be on puters less than an 80386�� by operating in ¨Real¨ mode�� system。 It maintained patibility with MS´DOS�� on an 80386 it even allows such programs to multitask ´ which they were not designed to do。 This created a real threat to the Macintosh and despite a similar product�� IBM¨s OS/2�� it was very successful。 Various improvements were made�� versions 3。1�� 3。11 ´ but the next major step did not e until Windows ¨95 in 1995 which relied much more heavily on the features of the 80386 and provided support for 32 bit applications。
1991 ´ June MS´DOS 5。0�� PC´DOS 5。0
In order to promote OS/2 Bill Gates took every opportunity after it¨s release to say ¨DOS is dead¨�� however the development of DOS 5。0 lead to the permanent dropping of OS/2 development。
This version�� after the mess of version 4�� was properly tested through the distribution of Beta versions to over 7��500 users。 This version included the ability to load device drivers and TSR programs above the 640KB boundary ��into UMBs and the HMA���� freeing more RAM for programs。 This version marked the end of collaboration between Microsoft and IBM on DOS。
1991 ´ August Linux is born with the following post to the Use Newsgroup p。os。minix�此�
Hello everybody out there using minix´
I¨m doing a ��free�� operating system ��just a hobby�� won¨t be
big and professional like gnu�� for 386��486�� AT clones。
The post was by a Finnish college student�� Linus Torvalds�� and this hobby grew from these humble beginnings into one of the most widely used UNIX´like operating systems in the world today。 It now runs on many different types of puter�� including the Sun SPARC and the paq Alpha�� as well as many ARM�� MIPS�� PowerPC and Motorola 68000 based puters。
In 1992�� the GNU project ��http��//。gnu。org/�� adopted the Linux kernel for use on GNU systems while they waited for the development of their own ��Hurd�� kernel to be pleted。 The GNU project¨s aim is to provide a plete and free UNIX like operating system�� bining the Linux or Hurd platform with the a plete suite of free software to run on it。 In order to allow it to carry the GNU name�� the Linux kernel copyright was changed to the GNU Public License Agreement ��http��//。gnu。org/copyleft/gpl。html�� on the 1st of February 1992。
1992 ´ April Introduction of Windows 3。1
1993 ´ December MS´DOS 6。0。 This included a Hard´Disk pression program called DoubleSpace�� but a small puting pany called ¨Stac¨ claimed that DoubleSpace was partly a copy of their pression Program�� Stacker。 After paying damages Microsoft withdrew DoubleSpace from MS´DOS 6。2�� releasing a new program ´ DriveSpace ´ with MS´DOS version 6。22。 In operation and programming interface DriveSpace remains virtually identical to DoubleSpace。 MS´DOS 6。22 remains the last version of MS´DOS released�� since Microsoft turned its efforts to Windows ¨95。 Windows ¨95 ��and later�� DOS shell reports itself as DOS 7 ´ and includes a few enhancements�� e。g。 support for long filenames。
1994 ´ March 14 Linus Torvalds released version 1。0 of the Linux Kernel。
1994 ´ September PC´DOS 6。3 Basically the same as version 5。0 this release by IBM included more bundled software�� such as Stacker ��the program that caused Microsoft so much embarrassment�� and anti´virus software。
1995 ´ March Linus released Linux Kernel v1。2。0 ��Linux¨95��。
1995 ´ August 21 ��poss。 23�А�Windows ¨95 was launched by Bill Gates &�察�Microsoft。 Unlike previous versions of Windows�� Windows ¨95 is an entire operating system ´ it does not rely on MS´DOS ��although some remnants of the old operating system still exist��。 Windows ¨95 was written specially for the 80386 and patible puters to make ¨full¨ use of its 32 bit processing and multitasking capabilities�� and thus is much more similar to Windows NT than Windows 3。x。 Windows 95 and NT 4 are almost indistinguishable in many respects ´ such as User Interface and API。 Unfortunately�� in order to maintain backwards patibility�� Windows 95 doesn¨t impose the same memory protection and security measur